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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist
61(1):1-18 |
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Two sites (36BR3/52), excavated by The Pennsylvania
State Museum in 1983, are discussed, along with descriptions of features and
artifacts. The general conclusion suggests that each site is typical of the
multicomponent nature of the Tioga Point Farm and that the main occupation
consisted of an Owasco people circa A.D. 1150. |
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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 61(1):19-75 |
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The Lower Black's Eddy Site (36BU23) lies on a
levee/terrace formation flanking the Delaware River in Bucks County,
Pennsylvania. The site was originally discovered and tested by Henry Mercer in
1893, and later by Gilbert/Commonwealth field crews in 1982 and 1986/1987.
Excavations identified a stratified sequence spanning the Late/Terminal
Archaic, Early/Middle Woodland, and Late Woodland. Archaic occupations were
oriented toward intensive argillite tool production and processing of fish and
nuts. Early/Middle Woodland components are comparatively sparse and appear to
represent transient campsites. The Late Woodland component has been largely
destroyed by modern agencies and is poorly represented. The analysis documents
close correlations between river flow regime, alluviation patterns, and changing
patterns of site function and utilization through time. |
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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 61(1):76-87 |
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Rhyolite Susquehanna Broadspears and other point
types from the non-riverine Spangler site (36S0152) in Somerset County,
Pennsylvania, are described. It is suggested that Spangler is related to a
cluster of river-oriented sites located in the Youghiogheny Reservoir area of
Garrett County, Maryland. The presence of steatite vessel sherds at these sites
may indicated a base camp function. Comparisons are made with radiocarbon dated
sites in central and western Pennsylvania and New York. |
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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 61(1):88-89 |
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The Cannelton "Sun God" petroglyph is reported,
according to A Guidebook to Historic Western Pennsylvania, as the product
of one Charles Jones, an eccentric of Beaver County. |
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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 61(2):1-5 |
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This paper describes a Middle Woodland hearth with
associated Tocks Island projectile points and Abbott Dentate pottery identified
by the authors in July 1989. Charcoal from this hearth has been dated to A.D.
465. |
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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 61(2):6-17 |
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Excavations at five rockshelters located in Montgomery County in
eastern Pennsylvania at Perkiomenville on Perkiomen Creek are
reported; artifacts from each are described and illustrated. |
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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 61(2):18-30 |
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During the 1930s Depression in the United States, government
agencies such as the Civil Works Administration (CWA) and the Works
Progress Administration (WPA) were created to provide sources of
employment. Because archaeology did not compete with business, and
was thought to have an endless supply of sites, many states used
government funding to excavate sites and, more importantly, hire
laborers. Federally-funded excavations of historic sites in
Pennsylvania during the Depression are summarized here, including
Pennsybury Manor, Fort Muncy, Fort PresquE isle, Fort LeBoeuf, Fort
Augusta, and Printzhof. Although these excavations focused primarily
on restoration of historic sites and buildings, a great deal was
accomplished in establishing historical archaeology as a recognized
area of research and public concern. |
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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 61(2):31-36 |
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Although the heartland of the Clemson Island culture lies within the
Susquehanna River drainage, Clemson Island pottery occurs
sporadically on Late Woodland sites in the Delaware River valley.
This paper reviews vessel characteristics and identifies locations
along the Delaware River where this distinctive ceramic ware has
been identified |
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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 61(2):37-72 |
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Investigations in 1981 and between 1983 and 1986 at the Murphy site
(33LI212) in Licking County, Ohio, have yielded the remains of an
early Middle Woodland (100 B. C.-A. D. 200) settlement. Occupying
approximately 0.5-1.0 ha on a low ground swell on the valley floor
of Raccoon Creek, the site was explored through systematic surface
collection, test pitting, mechanical plow zone stripping, and
cultural feature excavation. The cultural item assemblage is
dominated by the manufacturing waste of bladelet and biface
industries based upon Flint Ridge chert and by sherds of plain, grit
tempered vessels with flared and straight rims. Archaeobotanical
samples include members of the Eastern Agricultural Complex.
Cultural features are mostly earth ovens, nearly all of which occur
in a distinct zone. Adjacent to the ovens is an area of postmolds.
The bulk of the chipped stone debris occurs on a slope in
complementary distribution to the cultural features and may
represent a refuse dump. Combined, the cultural items, cultural
features, and ecofact data suggest that the Murphy site is the trace
of a sedentary hamlet. The presence of mica, exotic cherts, and
non-local ceramics argues that the occupants participated in an
intra-community and pan-regional exchange network |
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1991 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 61(2):73-88 |
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When John Smith first contacted a group of Susquehannock in 1608 he
described these people as "gyant-like . " Direct confirmation of
this observation can now be provided through studies of the long
bones of a population which was part of the Susquehannock
"confederacy." Recent excavations at a Susquehannock site on the
South Branch of the Potomac River in Hampshire County, West
Virginia, revealed portions of a palisaded village and associated
features dating from the middle of the 16th century. This remnant of
a flood-destroyed site yielded 13 relatively intact burials. Surface
collection of skeletal material immediately downstream of the site
after the flood provided long bones from at least 18 other adults.
Calculation of the stature of the individuals represented in this
sample and comparisons with the other Native American populations of
this period confirm John Smith's observations. |
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